Click image to enlarge   The General References Page

General References are proposed to aid better understanding Byzantine Icons and to help placing the Sacred Art of Icon Painting in the appropriate historical and religious context
•  Byzantine Empire  •  Rome Catacombs
•  History of Icons and Mosaics
•  Eastern Orthodoxy  •  Iconoclasm
 •  The Great Schism  •  The 4th Crusade
•  Art Theft on a gigantic scale...
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to the left, or click to go to LINKS MENU
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 Copyright © 2002-2007 P.W. de Ruyter        Updated : 2 October 2007









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Ipatievsky Monastery, Kostroma
Ipatievsky Monastery
Kostroma
 
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     6. Roman Catholic Sites
        - Apparitions
        - Byzantine Icons     
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Attention : The chapters on Geographic and Historic data, on Ethiopian icons
and on Coptic icons, have been moved to the Medieval Byzantine Icons page.







HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY

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General World History

General World History Texts, Many of Them from a Biblical Perspective.
http://xenohistorian.faithweb.com/index.html

Hellenism Network > History > Byzantine Empire
http://www.hellenism.net/eng/index.htm

Site Map, 500-1000 A.D. - A Timeline of Art History by The Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York. A highly interesting and unique piece of work representing the entire world history in graphical form, while thereby at times going into interesting detail about an art subject in a particular country or region of the world ! Quite unbelieveable but true ! http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/intro/atr/06sm.htm




The Byzantine Empire

Constantinople on the web *New!* Oct. 2007
Web-site of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/greek-resources-constantinople.asp
With Videos about Byzantium and Orthodoxy http://www.ellopos.net/blog/?p=176

Byzantium Through The Ages
- A Timeline - History - Works of Art
http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/time.html

A Time Line of Church History (Eastern Orthodox perspective).
This Timeline shows in parallel the 1000 years of Byzantium and the events of the early Church. http://saintignatiuschurch.org/timeline.html#timechart

A concise account of the tradition of Byzantine icon painting in Greece
http://www.artopos.org/main-en.html?icons/account-en.html&3

Byzantine Empire: A one-page summary.
http://info.goldavenue.com/Info_site/in_arts/in_civ/in_civ_byzantine.html

The Byzantine Empire - Yasou : Excellent article, outlining the Latin phase, the Justinian built Hagia Sophia Church, law, literature and arts under Justinian, expansion, iconoclasm, golden age, and decline and crusades http://www.yasou.org/byzantium/byz.htm

The Constantinople Home Page (primarily Arcitecture) - Bob Oosterhout
http://www2.arch.uiuc.edu/research/rgouster/index.html

Byzantine Monuments. In this article, authored by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, you will find particulars about the Church of Panagia of Blachernae, but what you will really find is a short history of the Byzantine Empire
http://www.patriarchate.org/ecumenical_patriarchate/chapter_4/html/blachernae.html

The Byzantine Empire - Donald MacGillivray Nicol
Excellent site with very thorough descriptions by an expert historian.
http://history-world.org/byzantine_empire.htm

The Byzantine Empire - Andreas Theodosiades, Cyprus (sxetikos)
http://www.kypros.org/Sxetikos/Library/ByzantineChurches/TheByzantineEmpire.htm

Byzantine Empire http://www.anastos.nd.edu/walking_tour_3.html >> Part of Byzantine Studies at Notre Dame University (in Notre Dame, Indiana, USA). The basis for these studies is the Library of Byzantine Civilization which Notre Dame acquired from Milton V. Anastos, one of America's greatests Byzantinists.

Explore Byzantium http://byzantium.seashell.net.nz/index.php. Good descriptions of the various phases of the Byzantine Empire, complete with maps, timelines, images.

Byzantine Empire - Links by Open Directory Project
http://dmoz.org/Society/History/By_Time_Period/Middle_Ages/Byzantine_Empire/

European Middle Ages, The Byzantine Empire
Part of World Civilizations - Richard Hooker, Washing State University
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MA/BYZ.HTM

All about Turkey, The Byzantine Empire
http://www.allaboutturkey.com/bizans.htm
==> includes list of all Emperors from Constantin I (323 - 337) to Constantin IX (1448 - 1453)


If you want to know more, or if you want to visit sites and read works with a more systematic or scientific oriented approach, the first website to visit is the one of Paul Halsall, the great specialist in everything 'Byzantium':

Byzantium: Byzantine Studies on the Internet - Paul Halsall, Fordham, NY City's Jesuit University http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/.
It provides access to several other sites, the two of immediate interest being:

Gallery: Byzantine Images -
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/images.html

Internet Medieval Sourcebook -
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html

You can also consult Nancy Mautz' terrific resource :
--- Byzantine and Islamic Worlds - NM's Creative Impulse - Nancy B. Mautz
http://history.evansville.net/byzantiu.html#Byzantine%20History

The Byzantine Empire - Catholic Encyclopedia
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03096a.htm

Byzantine Empire http://www.crystalinks.com/byzantine.html

Maps &Timelines

A Time Line of Church History (Eastern Orthodox perspective)
http://saintignatiuschurch.org/timeline.html#timechart

Maps of Byzantium : click the link below & scroll down Dead Link
http://www.byzantina.com/cartes.htm

Gallery of Maps - 48 entries (Source: Hellenic Macedonia)
http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/HellenicMacedonia/en/topic_6_1.html

Maps of Asia Minor http://www.geocities.com/resats/maps.html

Map of Constantinople http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/maps/constantinople1.gif

Lonely Planet http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/ >> An excellent and practical source of information on any country. For further information, consult the Texas University Maps (next link)

People and Places of the World. Photos by Galen R. Frysinger Sheboygan, Wisconsin USA http://www.galenfrysinger.com/index.htm >> pictures of places to have some idea how they look today

Russian Links >> history, maps
http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~custorr/links/russian-links.htm

Texas University Maps / Maps Source >> scroll down to US Maps & World Maps
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/map_sites/country_sites.html >> provides links to many map sources, including : Lonely Planet, MapQuest, National Geographic Society and Yahoo.

Timelines of Religious History
http://atheism.about.com/library/chronologies/blchron_ce.htm




   
ICON HISTORY, ART & ARCHITECTURE

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A one-page History of Iconography (Maria Ciucur) http://www.ciucur.com/history.html

Ancient Routes (Rodney Baird) http://www.ancientroute.com/index.htm

Archaeology in Bulgaria http://archweb-bg.cilea.it/medieval.htm

Art and History of Icons in Russia from the 10th century to date.
(Art et histoire des icônes en Russie du Xe siècle à nos jours.)
http://www.maison-russie.com/icone/ (Marie-Agnès Deriglazoff)

Art History, Resources on the web (Chris Witcombe): Part 7, Art of the Middle Ages
http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHmedieval.html (November 9, 2004)

Balkan Elements in Orthodox Church Painting of the Post-Byzantine Period in Central Europe.
By Waldemar Deluga, Warsaw (2001) http://archaeology.kiev.ua/journal/030501/deluga.htm

Byzantine Art http://11.1911encyclopedia.org/B/BY/BYZANTINE_ART.htm

Byzantine Art (Charles Diehl)
http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/diel.html

Brief History of Russian Icons http://www.ipl.org/div/pf/entry/48525
(IPL, Path Finder: Russian Icons, The Regents of the University of Michigan)

Byzantine and Islamic Worlds
http://history.evansville.net/byzantiu.html

Christianity and Culture (Dr. Mark G. McGowan, University of St. Michael's College in the University of Toronto) http://www.utoronto.ca/stmikes/courses/christianity/index.html
>> click 'Table of Contents' to go to the Christian Imagination Course.

Christian Art through the Ages (Dr. Rozmeri Basic)
http://www.ou.edu/class/ahi4263/byzantine.html
Images provide a clear understanding of the evolution of Christian art detailing nine (9) main periods from the Early Christian art (200-500) to the Palaiologan Period (1261-1453). Sheer beauty and great education. A truly maginificent site!

(The) Development of Western Civilization - World History
Byzantine and Islamic Worlds (Nancy B. Mautz)
http://www.history.evansville.net/byzantiu.html

Early Christian Art and Architecture ; Early, Middle, and Post-Byzantine Art and Architecture (Belmont University, Honors Program)
http://www.belmont.edu/honorsprogram/byzart2001/byzindex.html
- Many images of Christian and Byzantine Architecture
- Many icons, frescoes and mosaics. Excellent site!

History of Mosaic Art http://www.thejoyofshards.co.uk/history/index.shtml
     Mosaic History, part 2 - Decline and revival http://www.thejoyofshards.co.uk/history/modern.shtml

Icons, Their History and Construction (PDF file). Excellent site!
http://www.shipbrook.com/artsci/education/painting/IconsHistConst/icons1.pdf

Internet Guides to Byzantine and Early Christian Art http://gateway.library.uiuc.edu/arx/byzantin.htm
(University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign) ==> part of previous link

Internet Medieval Sourcebook http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html
(Paul Halsall, Fordham, New York City's Jesuit University)
==> Select the topic of interest from the menu appearing on top of page

Internet Resources, Subject Guide http://www.library.uiuc.edu/arx/resource.htm#image
(University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign) -> many different categories of links

Large Horizontal Graphical Timeline of the Byzantine Empire
http://chaos1.hypermart.net/byz/tbe.html

Medieval History - Byzantine Art and Architecture http://historymedren.about.com/cs/byzantineart/index.htm#m

NIXNET Medieval Art General References: The largest site on the internet dealing with Minor Medieval Arts. It currently has over 400 links to other medieval art sites, organized by subject area and country. http://www.medievalarthistory.com/general.html
http://www.medievalarthistory.com

Organization of the Russian Orthodox Church
     & Kievan art and architecture
http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/russ110/handout_p1_russorthchurch.htm

Orthodox Art and Architecture (John Yiannias) *New!*
http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article8025.asp

Russian Art and Architecture (Bucknell University)
http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/art.html

THE CATACOMBS

There are about sixty different catacombs, but only a few can be visited: those of St. Callixtus, St. Sebastian, Priscilla, Domitilla and St. Agnes are generally open to the public.

In this section you will see early images of Jesus and images of the following catacombs : St. Callixtus (Calisto), Domitilla, Priscilla and Via Latina. Several related links are provided as well.

Following are two magnificent sites with many images :

The Christian Catacombs of Ancient Rome : An Introduction (by Dr. Joseph Byrne, Belmont University)
http://campus.belmont.edu/honors/catacombs/catacombs.htm

Art in the Christian Catacombs of Rome
http://campus.belmont.edu/honors/CatPix/CatPix.html

The Good Shepherd



Jesus the Healer
"Your faith has saved you"

Catacombs of Domitilla http://www.catacombe.domitilla.it/
==> 35 images

Early Images of Jesus ==> 6 interesting quality images
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rels/002/Christianity/earlyart.html

Short Bibliography and Glossary
http://www.utoronto.ca/stmikes/courses/christianity/catacombs7.html

The 'Orante' figure


The Good Shepherd

International Catacomb Society: Visiting the Christian Catacombs ...
http://www.catacombsociety.org/visiting_Christian.html

Related interesting links http://www.catacombsociety.org/links.html



  Below are 3 more images from the Catacombs. They are part of the art site of Dr. Rozmeri Basic. This magnificent site is a 'must see', it can be seen on this same page.


Samson and the Lion.
Wall-painting, c. 350-400.
Via Latina Catacomb,
Rome.
(Dr. Rozmeri Basic)



The Good Shepherd, praying figures. Wall-painting.
Catacomb of Priscilla,
Rome.
(Dr. Rozmeri Basic)

Raising of Lazarus,
Wall Painting, 350-400.
Via Latina, Catacomb,
Rome.
(Dr. Rozmeri Basic)






The Priscilla Catacombs
http://web.tiscali.it/catacombe_priscilla/pagine-eng/regina.htm



Entrance of the
Priscilla Catacomb



Three Jouths in the
Fiery Furnace


The Sacrifice of Abraham



The Good Shepherd




A Catacomb Gallery
(excavated underground
pathway)

Orant figure from the
Giordani Catacombs





The oldest known image
of the Madonna

Greek Chapel

The Breaking of the Bread





Jesus and the Samaritan Woman
Catacomb of Via Latina.
Jesus asks a Samaritan woman for water at the well (see John 4:7-10). In turn, He offers her the water of eternal life.
 





Iconography and Iconoclasm in Byzantium
(
Icononodules and iconoclasts)

The era of Iconoclasm* (726-843 AD) was one of the most important spiritual crises of the Byzantine Empire. It was a major conflict that broke out between partisans (iconodules) and enemies (iconoclasts) of icons, between defenders of Orthodoxy and heretics: it was a doctrinal war. A first period (730 to 780) starts in 730 when Leon the Isaurian (726-741) decretes the prohibition of the icon cult which he classifies as idolatry. But it is not just a religious quarrel; it is the close of an era, the coming together of all sorts of tendencies, religious, political and economical that put into question all values in each and every domain. It is a complex phenomena. Nevertheless, dogmatic question points are at the root of the problem. Following a period of reinstatement of the holy images (780-813), a new iconoclastic period (813-842) breaks out which ends in 843 with the Victory of Orthodoxy.

==> Iconoclasm cannot really be fully understood outside of the context of Iconography and the Incarnation. Visit the page The Essential Feature of Icons


* Iconoclasm : Specific references on the 100-year-long conflict during which many icons were destroyed

Icons: Brief History (Alexander Boguslawski): Iconodules and Iconoclasts.
- The iconodules (defenders or lovers of icons) based their defense of icons on the Doctrine of the Incarnation and on the Dogma of the Two Natures of Christ.
- The iconoclasts (Emperor Leo III and a group of overzealous "puritans,") argued that misinterpretation of religious images leads to heresy.
http://www.rollins.edu/Foreign_Lang/Russian/history.html

Iconoclasm: Documents of the Iconoclastic Controversy:
Iconodule Position and Iconoclast Position (Dr. Kenneth W. Harl)
http://www.tulane.edu/~august/H303/readings/Iconoclasm.htm

Icons and iconoclasm (Alan L. Hayes, Toronto School of Theology)

Medieval Sourcebook - Iconoclasm (Paul Halsall, Fordham University, New York)

Icons and iconoclasm in Byzantium (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/icon/hd_icon.htm

Iconoclasm in Eight-Century Byzantium (Paul Stephensen)
http://homepage.mac.com/paulstephenson/trans/iconoclasm.html

Iconoclasm (Absolute Astronomy Reference)
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/i/ic/iconoclasm.htm

Iconoclasm (Catholic Encyclopedia) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm

Iconoclasm (Encyclopedia.com) http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/i1/iconocla.asp

History of the Iconoclastic (Image Breaking) Heresy
http://www.bringyou.to/apologetics/num55.htm




 




Meteor Monastery
Greece
(scroll down for more)

EASTERN
ORTHODOXY


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Chilandar Monastery
Greece
(scroll down for more)

St. Basil's Cathedral, Moscow
St. Basil's Cathedral, Moscow


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Ipatievsky Monastery, Kostroma
Church of The Resurrection,
St. Petersburg


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Eastern Orthodoxy


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Cathedral of the Assumption, Moscow
Cathedral of the
Assumption
Moscow


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Cathedral of the Assumption, Moscow
Annunciation Cathedral
Moscow


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View of 3 cathedrals, Moscow
View of 3 cathedrals,
Moscow


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Saint Sofia Cathedral
Kiev


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Transfiguration Monastery, Ellwood City PA
Transfiguration Monastery,
Ellwood City PA


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INTRODUCTION
     The following references are rich sources of information that may help to better understand the Orthodox Faith. Some of the referenced articles are authored by Orthodox, others by Catholics. They point out the essential elements of the Orthodox Faith, elements also that are complementary to other faiths.


(1) THE ORTHODOX TRADITION, Saving Medicine for the Whole Church.
http://www.angelfire.com/pa3/OldWorldBasic/East.html
A heartwarming account of an Orthodox Christian, the like of which I haven't found before. The heartwarming tone is set right at the start: Although the Schism between East and West was tragic and probably preventable, it seems that God providentially has spared the Eastern Church from many of the mistakes and their consequences that have beset the West. I haven't been able to figure out who the author is. But he is among God's chosen to be able to write what he did with love in his heart. I placed his writing ahead of all others because of it.

(2) What is Orthodoxy? by the St. Mary Orthodox Church Chambersburg PA
http://www.rdrop.com/users/stmary/orthodox.htm
==>  Very informative site ! And many beautiful icons !

(3) The Orthodox World
http://www.orthodoxworld.ru/english/index.htm (click 'cancel' in dialog box).
     The (Russian, Orthodox) authors specifically direct their attention to the Western reader, as part of an effort to make their Church better known, loved and accepted, as it is. The site is very complete. Here is what they themselves are saying about it : « The site can be considered as a general encyclopedia on Orthodoxy, created for a Western reader. In it we want to pay particular attention to the things that unite us and to those that are different to our traditions, but that complement each other ».
     All icon images are of high quality and great beauty. A highly instructive and beautiful website !

(4) Orthodox Faith and Life (Bishop Alexander) http://www.fatheralexander.org/index.shtml -> Very informative site !

(5) Foundational Beliefs - Orthodox Eastern and Roman Catholic
http://pom-www.army.mil/atzp/ch/world/pdf/a6belort.pdf

(6) Orthodoxy and Catholicism, A Comprehensive and Impartial Guide to Issues and Materials (byTim Spalding, a Catholic) -> Very informative site !
http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/orthodoxy_and_catholicism/index.html

(7) Eastern Orthodoxy Index Page (by Dave Armstrong, a Catholic) http://ic.net/~erasmus/RAZ23.HTM
      Table of Contents :
      - Critiques of Orthodoxy/Dialogues
      - Defenses of Catholic Doctrines Disputed by the Orthodox
      - Orthodox Links (including links to icon sites)
      - Catholic Links
      - Catholic Encyclopedia Articles
      ==> Very informative site !

(8) Pages Orthodoxes La Transfiguration (Paul Ladouceur)
This is one more excellent site. The images are beautiful and they are shown in their religious context http://www.pagesorthodoxes.net/index.htm .
         The site is a particularly rich source for getting to know various different elements of the Orthodox Faith. For example, The Jesus Prayer (The Prayer of the Heart), considered one of the most important elements of Orthodox spirituality, is described in full detail, by a number of different authors. More on the Jesus Prayer can be found in the separate section below. Since the site is in French, several English references are provided therein as well.
In order to get to the images, click the above link ; when you arrive on the site, click 'Pages Orthodoxes' ; next 'Index des Images' ; then scroll down one screen. Don't be discouraged if at first you have some difficulty navigating the site. It is worth the effort to seek and read because many of the texts accompanying the images are very profound and a source for reflexion or meditation that one seldom sees on the Internet.
Here is the world renowned icon of the Holy Trinity (La Sainte Trinité) of Andrei Rublev http://www.pagesorthodoxes.net/trinite/trinite1.htm  

(9) Russian Orthodox Church - Official Webserver of the Moscow Patriarchate
http://www.mospat.ru/e_startpage

(10) Diagram with organizational structure of Eastern Christianity
http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/christ/east/index.html

(11) Orthodox Links
http://dmoz.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Denominations/Orthodox/
A total of 840 categorized links prepared by the Open Directory Project (the largest human-edited directory of the web).

(12) TheoLogic Systems Orthodox WorldLinks
http://theologic.com/links/
A total of 714 categorized Orthodox WorldLinks as (verified as of 2-May-2003)

(13) Apologia - The Fullness of Christian Truth (by Tracy Elizabeth Tucciarone López, a Catholic) http://www.kensmen.com/catholic/index.html

(14) Églises orthodoxes. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glises_orthodoxes

(15) Excerpts from "These Truths We Hold."
The Holy Orthodox Church: Her Life and Teaching. *New!*
Compiled and edited by a monk of the St. Tikhon’s Monastery
http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/truth_we_hold.htm Excellent!

The Jesus Prayer - Prayer of the Heart
La Prière de Jésus - La Prière du Coeur

The Jesus Prayer is considered one of the most important elements of Orthodox spirituality. In this section you will find links to a number of articles each written by a different author : 11 links to articles in French (selected & annotated by the auther of Les Pages Orthodoxes), and 13 links to articles in English.


The Jesus Prayer or Prayer of the Heart :
« Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God,
have mercy on me, a sinner »

Prière de Jésus ou Prière du Coeur :
« Seigneur Jésus-Christ, Fils de Dieu,
aie pitié de moi, pécheur »

Christ Pantocrator, Sofronov - 20th c.
Christ Pantocrator
Sofronov - 20th c.

The icon of Christ Pantocrator by the monk Sofronov (Monastère de Chevetogne, Belgium), shown above, together with its accompanying text is part of a series of 12 articles, each written by a different author, about The Jesus Prayer or Prayer of the Heart http://www.pagesorthodoxes.net/coeur/coeur-c.htm . This is all in French though. If you have difficulty reading French, then here are some excellent references in English.

ENGLISH REFERENCES :

- The Orthodox Rosary - The Jesus Prayer. Excerpts from the book 'Orthodox Church' by Bishop Kallistos Ware http://www.tlig.org/rosaryorth.html . Bishop Kallistos Ware is a Greek Orthodox Bishop in Oxford, Great Britain and one of the world's most popular Orthodox speakers. More on the author's writings can be found on this same page, by clicking the following 2 links : (1) Orthodoxy (2) The Great Schism . If you want to know other writings by Bishop Ware, then click the link that follows to be taken to the Search / Site Search utility and search the web with the keywords "Kallistos Ware". Also, many times forgotten, the IE 'Find' utility is an excellent tool to search for articles by Bishop Ware or others on this page.

- Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America
The Jesus Prayer, by Fr. Steven Peter Tsichlis
http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article7104.asp

- Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia
The Jesus Prayer, by Metropolitan Anthony Bloom http://home.it.net.au/~jgrapsas/pages/Jprayer.html

- Praying with the heart - The Jesus Prayer
http://www.stjohnhook.fsnet.co.uk/jesusprayer.htm

- The Jesus Prayer and Hesychasm
http://www.byzantinefranciscans.org/prayer.htm

- The Jesus Prayer - Prayer of the Heart : an additional 8 links to the Jesus Prayer
http://www.monachos.net/monasticism/jesus_prayer.shtml#featured


Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America - Resources http://www.goarch.org/en/resources/

Early Church History.
    Links related to early Church history: 'Creating a Hypertext Encyclopedia of
    early Church History' (The Ecole initiative, Evansville University
    http://cedar.evansville.edu/~ecoleweb/internet.html ).

    Even though the above Evansville source of links is dead, the following link
    http://www.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~relstud/links.shtml gives access to the page
    (Rutgers University) Department of Religious Studies, which starts with
    Religious Study Links. Click the above link, press PgDn once, then click
    Virtual Religion Index http://religion.rutgers.edu/vri/index.html .
    Now click Christian Tradition, http://religion.rutgers.edu/vri/xnity.html ,
    then scroll down to Eastern Orthodoxy.

Nick's Greek Orthodox Page http://greekorthodox.home.att.net/
Orthodox Doctrine - Lives of Saints - Prayers - Book Reviews - News

Links and Resources. Links to sites of Byzantine sister churches and parishes, or institutions, organizations or sources of information about Byzantine Christianity and/or Eastern Christianity -- some of which also include information about Russian Catholics or Christianity in Russia http://rumkatkilise.org/links.htm
(The Unofficial homepage of the Society of St. John Chrysostom of Ayatriada, Istanbul, Turkey)
 
Orthodoxy by Bishop Kallistos Ware
Orthodoxy THE INNER KINGDOM ($14.95, paper, xii, 230 pages; Volume One of THE COLLECTED WORKS, St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 0-88141-209-0) cloth http://www.wordtrade.com/religion/orthodoxy.htm
- The opening chapter recounts the author's journey to Orthodoxy.
- What is it that makes Bishop Kallistos's works so engaging?
- Bishop Kallistos is that rare individual whose work is accessible to the layperson, but at the same time worthwhile for the specialist.
- Like all great spiritual writings, Ware's works can be appreciated by persons of any spiritual persuasion.
- With what I have recently learned about Mgr. Ware the book should be very interesting and informative
 
Orthodox Easter - Holy Fire
http://www.iconsexplained.com/iec/iec_orthodox_easter_holy_fire.htm

Orthodox Eastern Church (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001)
http://aol.bartleby.com/65/or/Orthodox.html -> good historic overview

Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy (V. Potapov) http://www.stjohndc.org/stjohndc/english.htm
(Click Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy) Very informative
(Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Washigton, DC)

Orthodoxy on the Internet http://www.st-sophia.com/Orthodoxy.htm

Religion in Russia http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/Russia/religion.htm
(Discovering Russia at CCDS http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/Russia/index.html)

St. Luke's Missionary Society: Medieval Serb Orthodox Chants, Orthodox Christian Information Center ; General Links (Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Rask and Prizren) http://www.decani.yunet.com/links.html

TSERKOVNOST :: An Eastern Orthodox Resource Centre is an independent non-incorporated non-profit religious educational institution established under the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America and the laws of the State of Florida. It is not an official organ of any particular Orthodox jurisdiction. http://www.tserkovnost.org/ *New!* Very informative.

Eastern Orthodox Churches http://www.travelnet.co.il/CHRISTIAN/EASTERNORTHODOXCHURCHES/Main.htm

Leçon 5 L’EGLISE ORTHODOXE
http://www.univ-tlse2.fr/multimedia/medievale/UE5/ue5_med_cours/ue5_med_5l.htm#up

Antiochan Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America
http://www.antiochian.org/Parishes/other_orthodox_web_sites.htm

Orthodox Christian Information Center http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/

Orthodox Christian Portal - in English http://www.credo.ro/en/index.php
     Credo.ro - in Romanian http://www.credo.ro/index.php

The reason behind the different calendar of Church Feasts in the East and West
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glises_orthodoxes#Calendrier (in French)

The Date of Orthodox Easter 1875 to 2124
http://www.smart.net/~mmontes/OrthEasttbl.html

Acathist Hymn http://www.IconsExplained.com/iec/iec_acathist_hymn.htm

 

EARLY CHURCH FATHERS 

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The Three Hierarchs
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